Permanent
These types of magnets do not need an external force to create magnetic properties and they constantly create a magnetic field (like iron ore). By placing some special materials in the magnetic field, they can be turned into temporary magnets. A permanent magnet has two characteristics of hysteresis and coercivity. After being removed from the magnetic field, the temporary magnet retains its magnetic property for a few moments, and this remaining magnetic property after being removed from the magnetic field is called residual. Coercion also means that when we place a magnet in a field opposite to the direction of its magnetic field, its magnetic property is lost. The required field for this coercive action is called the larger the value, the more permanent the magnet.
Electric
Another type of magnets is called electromagnetic or electric magnets that create a magnetic field with an external electric current. These materials are surrounded by a coil that, when connected to an electric current, can create a magnetic field.
Permanent magnet
Ferrite or ceramic
This magnet is made of magnetic powder and melted porcelain, and because it is a cheap type, it has many uses. This magnet is used in the form of transversal magnetism (the placement of two poles across the object). Its name is also derived from its constituent materials such as barium ferrite.
Sarmarium
This magnet is made of the rare element Sarmarium with atomic number 62 and has a lot of magnetic remanence. For this reason, its strength is more than the usual permanent magnet. Due to the high cost of its production, it is made in small sizes and is used in electronic watches of military equipment.
Neodim
This magnet, which is also known as boron iron, is made of rare earth elements and has the highest magnetic strength, but has little resistance to temperature and corrosion. These magnets have mineral and silver color.
A variety of magnets in terms of shape
Magnets are made in different shapes, and the strength of a magnet is mostly determined by its shape and not its size.
Bar magnet
The most common magnets, but the weakest of them, is a bar magnet. Because the size of their poles is small and the maximum magnetic power of a magnet is in its poles. These samples are mostly used in compasses and refrigerators. This magnet, which is made of steel alloy, is used in plastic, pharmaceutical, rubber, electrical and electronic industries, etc.
Horseshoe magnets
One of the most important features of this type of magnets is their high power to lift items of any size. This type is used in pendulums and also in industry to move large pieces.
Magnet disc
These types of magnets have large magnetic poles due to their wide appearance and are considered strong magnets with high absorption power. They are used in industry, decoration and clothing.
Spherical magnet
These magnets are used in making toys, ornaments, and exciting games. Also, these magnets are used to show the atoms in the Lego of atoms in chemistry.
Circular magnet
A ring magnet with a diameter equal to two and a half knuckles and having a hole with a diameter of 2 cm is an almost high-power magnet that is used in schools and medicine. Its color is red, which is also called Ringi magnet.
Cylindrical magnet
This magnet is mostly made of neodymium. It is small in size but very strong. Two cylindrical magnets stuck together are very difficult to separate.